Individu Berkebutuhan Khusus; Tinjauan Pendidikan Islam dan Psikologi
Keywords:
Individu Berkebutuhan Khusus; Psikologi; Islam; Pendidikan Inklusif; Martabat ManusiaAbstract
Individuals with special needs are part of human diversity and possess distinctive characteristics, needs, and potentials that require an approach oriented not merely toward limitations but also toward the development of individual dignity and potential. This article aims to analyze individuals with special needs from Islamic and psychological perspectives and identify the intersection of these perspectives in developing a more humanistic approach. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were obtained from relevant academic literature on educational psychology, Islamic psychology, inclusive education, and individuals with special needs, which were analyzed descriptively, analytically, and interpretively. The findings indicate that the psychological perspective emphasizes individual needs, cognitive, emotional, and social development, motivation, and potential development as important aspects in providing appropriate support. Meanwhile, the Islamic perspective emphasizes human dignity, equality, compassion, justice, and equal opportunities for development. The integration of these perspectives produces a humanistic-integrative approach that positions individuals with special needs as subjects possessing potential, rights, psychological needs, and spiritual dimensions. This approach emphasizes that educational and social environments should be adaptive, inclusive, and non-discriminatory, enabling every individual to develop optimally while maintaining dignity and meaningful participation in social life.
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