Kesinambungan dan Perubahan Teologi Asy‘Ariyah: Pemetaan Lima Isu Doktrinal dan Sasaran Kritik Ibn Taymiyyah
Keywords:
Asy'ariyah , Kasb, Ibn TaymiyahAbstract
Ash‘arism is a principal creed of Sunni Islam, yet it is often treated as a single, unchanging doctrine. This obscures how its formulations shifted and why defenders and critics judge it so differently. This study aimed to map continuity and change in Ash‘arī theology across five doctrinal issues and to identify which stage of the tradition each criticism of Ibn Taymiyya addressed. A qualitative library study with a historical–comparative design was conducted. Statements from two primary texts and from secondary scholarship were coded by issue (reason–revelation and ta’wīl, attributes, divine speech, kasb, causality and proof) and by stage (al-Ash‘arī, al-Bāqillānī, al-Juwaynī, al-Ghazālī). A stable core was found: eternal attributes, an uncreated Qur’an, and reason subordinate to revelation. Kasb departed from the founder’s position in al-Bāqillānī and al-Juwaynī and returned to it in al-Ghazālī, while the instruments of proof expanded through atomistic premises and logic. Ibn Taymiyya’s criticisms of divine speech and faith reached the founder, those of ta’wīl, attribute enumeration, and logic intensified in later stages, and his account of human agency appeared close to the later formulations of kasb. The dispute over Ash‘arism’s place in Ahl al-Sunnah depended partly on which stage the label denoted and on the criterion applied. Contribution: The study offers an issue-by-stage framework that replaces single-label judgments with stage-specific ones, contributing to the study of Islamic intellectual history and theology.
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